Item
Agent
José de San Martín (1778-1850)
- Name
- José de San Martín (1778-1850)
- Date of Birth
- 1778
- State Assigned Gender
- Male
- Hometown or Region
- Born in Yapeyú, Argentina, after age, lived in Madrid, Spain. After moving back to Argentina, he lived in Buenos Aires and then Mendoza, in the region of Cuyo, where he served as governor. He retired in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
- Occupation
- Miltary leader
- Biography
- José Francisco de San Martín was born in Yapeyú, Río de la Plata, Argentina, on February 25, 1778. Born to Spanish parents, his father was a general stationed in Argentina. The family moved back to Spain in 1783, settling in Málaga. San Martín attended school until 1789, when he joined the regiment of Murcía. He served in the Spanish army and had a whole military career before returning to Argentina in 1812. That same year, he was married to María de los Remedios de Escalada. In Buenos Aires, he began his military career, his regiment was the Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers. He led the Revolution of October 8, resulting in the Second Triumvirate. In 1814 he moved to Mendoza, accepting the governorship of Cuyo. There he began mobilizing the Army of the Andes, in 1817 crossing the mountain range into Chile. This culminated in the Battle of Chacabuco. General Bernardo O’Higgins remained in Chile while San Martín continued on to Peru, where Lima was the center of royalist power. He and his men arrived south of Lima by ships, and after six weeks took the city. Independence was declared in Peru in July 1821.
- Revolution Observed
-
José de San Martín was a leading figure in the struggle for independence from Spain in Latin
America. There were different leaders throughout the continent, the most prominent being Simón
Bolívar, and San Martín. San Martín led the revolution in Argentina, which gained independence
in 1816, Chile, in 1818, and Peru in 1821. Simón Bolívar led the resistance in the northern
continent, in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. The two of them met briefly in 1822
and Bolívar continued to aid in Peru with an army after San Martín self-exiled to Europe. - Student Researcher
- Tessa Hamann
- Connected Historical Actor(s)
- General Manuel Belgrano–reinforced & replaced him at Tucumán ● Bernardo O’Higgins–Chilean liberator ● Thomas Cochrane–leader of navy fleet from Chile to Peru ● Juan Manuel de Rosas–Argentine general, and politician. Saber of San Martín left to him ● Juan Las Heras–Argentine soldier, friend of San Martín, buried next to him ● Tomás Guido–Argentine soldier, part of May Revolution and friend of San Martín, also buried beside him ● Simón Bolívar–liberator of the northern part of South America
- Source(s)
-
Burkholder, Mark A., Johnson, Lyman L. Colonial Latin America 9th Ed. Oxford, UK, Oxford
University Press, 2014.
Gray, William H. (1950). “The Social Reforms of San Martín.” The Americas, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1950): 3-11.
Green, James, N., Skidmore, Thomas, E., Smith, Peter H. Modern Latin America. 8th Ed. Oxford, UK,
Oxford University Press, 2014.
Grenzeback, Martha, Tal, Tzvi. “San Martín, from Bronze to Celluloid: Argentina’s Liberator as
Film Character.” Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies.
34(1), (2004): 21-30.
Harrison, Margaret. Captain of the Andes; The life of Don José de San Martín liberator of
Argentina, Chile and Peru. New York, R.R. Smith, 1943.
Lecuna, Vicente. “Bolivar and San Martín Meet at Guayaquil.” The Hispanic American Historical
Review, 31(3), (1951): 369-393.https://www.jstor.org/stable/2509398
Lynch, J. “San Martín: Argentine Patriot, American Liberator.” University of London
Institute of Latin American Studies. (No. 25) (2001).
Lynch, John. San Martín, Argentine Soldier, American Hero. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.
2009.
Peabody, Sue, & Grinberg, Keila. Slavery, Freedom, and the Law in the Atlantic World.
New York, New York, Bedford/St. Martin’s. 2007.
Lucena Samoral, Leyes para esclavos: El ordenamiento jurídico sobre la condición, tratamiento, defensa
y represión de los esclavos en las colonias de la América española (Madrid: Fundacións Histórica
Tavera,) (2000): 1220-21
San Martín, José. (October, 1827). [Letter from San Martín in Brussels to Bernardo O’Higgins] Retrieved
from San Martín: Argentine Soldier, American Hero by John Lynch, 2009.
http://www.historia.uchile.cl/CDA/fh_article/0,1389,SCID%253D10450%2526ISID%253D431%
2526PRT%253D10437%2526JNID%253D21,00.html
Santa Cruz, Juan Luis Ossa. “The Army of the Andes: Chilean and Rioplatense Politics in an Age
of Military Organization, 1814-1817.” Journal of Latin American Studies, 46(1), (2014): 29-58.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24544215 - Click here to review material history sources connected to José de San Martín